Introduction Hydrogels can be characterised as three-dimensional polymeric networks that are able to efficiently absorb water (Matsumoto, et al., 2021). The respective polymeric formations that participate in the formation of hydrogels are hydrophilic with cross-linked individual chains. Typical hydrophilic groups that may be found in hydrogels can be either acid (-COOH, -SO3H) or basic (-NH2, -OH,[…]
Introduction Distillation is commonly used in modern industry to separate miscible volatile liquids (Schaschke, 2014). This separation method takes advantage of the fact that different boiling temperatures are associated with different chemicals. Batch distillation is a form of distillation during which two liquids with different boiling temperatures are vaporised and subsequently cooled down to produce a[…]
Abstract- Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) announced that all the reprocessing activities at the Sellafield will cease by 2020, and the operations will focus on waste management, completely clean out, and other decommissioning activities. However, decommissioning of Sellafield poses many challenges since the design and commissioning of the plant was not made considering the decommissioning in mind.[…]
Introduction Chemical weapons were first deployed and used in World War I and II. Chemicals weapons are particularly effective in destroying enemies during war. Presently, there are over 50 different types of chemicals developed to be primarily used as chemical weapons (Bentley, 2018). As multiple states began using chemical weapons, this resulted in the banning[…]
Colloid science deals with systems comprising molecules/particles with different dimensions, ranging from smaller (nanometer (10-9m) to larger (micrometer (10-6m) molecules/particles. As these systems contain a mixture of particles with different sizes, colloid systems are heterogeneous in nature. Colloid systems are very important as they have a wide range of applications, including adhesion, chromatography, detergency, precipitation,[…]
ABSTRACT Rheological properties of concentrated suspensions depend substantially on their structure; that is, on the formation of aggregates due to colloidal forces between particles. The aggregate size distribution is determined by the correlation between colloidal, Brownian and hydrodynamic forces in the system. Therefore, an investigation of the rheological properties of a suspension will provide valuable[…]